The 14-3-3 η protein is a member of the 14-3-3 protein family, which plays a significant role in various cellular processes, including signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. This protein is found in high concentrations in certain tissues and has been identified as a potential biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the context of RA, 14-3-3 η protein has been found to be elevated in the blood and synovial fluid of patients with RA compared to healthy individuals. It is considered a promising diagnostic biomarker that can complement existing serological measurements like rheumatoid factor (RF) and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) to enhance the detection of RA. Furthermore, 14-3-3 η protein levels have been correlated with disease activity and joint damage in RA. It has been suggested that the protein may be involved in the pathogenesis of RA by stimulating the expression of factors that contribute to joint damage, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL).
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