b-FGF, also known as FGF-2, is a potent mitogenic protein belonging to the fibroblast growth factor family. It plays a crucial role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. b-FGF is particularly important for angiogenesis, wound healing, and tissue repair. It binds with high affinity to heparin and specifically to tyrosine kinase receptors, activating the FGF/FGFR signaling pathway, which in turn influences various cellular processes. b-FGF is widely distributed across different tissues, with highest concentrations found in the pituitary, brain, and neural tissues, retina, adrenal glands, and placenta. In cell culture, b-FGF is an essential growth factor for maintaining the undifferentiated state of stem cells, promoting the proliferation and differentiation of neural cells, and extending the survival of neurons. It also significantly promotes the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells when used in conjunction with heparin. The broad biological activities of b-FGF make it a key factor in biomedical research and clinical applications, particularly in regenerative medicine and the development of therapeutic strategies for various diseases.
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