Polycomb complex protein BMI-1, also known as B-cell specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1, is a component of the Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) that plays a significant role in gene silencing by regulating chromatin structure. BMI-1 is crucial for the self-renewal of both normal and cancer stem cells and is associated with the regulation of cell proliferation and senescence through the ink4a locus. It has been identified as an oncogene that can induce B- and T-cell leukemias and is frequently overexpressed in various types of cancer, including hematologic and solid cancers, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. BMI-1's involvement in cancer is not limited to its role in cell proliferation. It has also been shown to promote invasion and metastasis of cancer stem cells, particularly in pancreatic cancer, by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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