Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a key enzyme involved in the breakdown of insulin and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of both type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. IDE is capable of degrading a variety of substrates, including amyloid-β peptide, which is associated with Alzheimer's disease, as well as glucagon and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), all of which have significant roles in glucose metabolism. The enzyme's function extends beyond its proteolytic role, as it also exhibits chaperone activity for amyloidogenic proteins and is involved in cellular proteostasis regulation. Recent research has highlighted the potential therapeutic applications of IDE in mitigating cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. The accumulation of amyloid-β in the brain is a common feature of these conditions, and IDE's ability to degrade these plaques makes it a promising target for treatment.
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