B7-H6, a novel member of the B7 family, has garnered significant attention in recent research. B7-H6 was identified in 2009 on the surface of tumor cells and recognized as a new member of the B7 family. B7-H6 has been implicated in tumorigenesis. It induces cytotoxicity, TNF-α, and IFN-γ secretion, promotes abnormal immune progression through HER2-scFv-mediated ADCC, and NKp30 immune evasion, thus facilitating tumor development. B7-H6 can inhibit apoptosis, promote tumor cell proliferation, and enhance the G0/G1 cell cycle process. It enhances the initiation of the "caspase cascade" and anti-apoptotic effects, and triggers tumorigenesis through STAT3 activation. B7-H6 is a ligand for NKp30, an activating receptor on natural killer (NK) cells. B7-H6 can activate NKp30-mediated NK cell activation, prompting cytokine secretion and exerting anti-tumor cytotoxic effects.
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