Tau protein is a microtubule-associated protein that plays a crucial role in the stabilization and function of microtubules in neurons. Abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein, including at the S202 and T205 sites, is associated with the development of tau-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Phosphorylation of tau protein at specific sites can alter its function and interaction with microtubules, leading to their destabilization and dysfunction. The accumulation of abnormally phosphorylated tau protein, often referred to as neurofibrillary tangles, is a hallmark pathological feature of AD and other tauopathies. In AD, tau phosphorylation at the S202 and T205 sites has been found to increase significantly in affected brain regions. This abnormal phosphorylation is thought to contribute to the disruption of microtubule networks, impairment of axonal transport, and ultimately, neuronal dysfunction and death.
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