CD272, also known as B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), is an antigen closely related to immune cell function. When the body is stimulated by antigenic substances, B-cells differentiate into plasma cells, producing immunoglobulins that can specifically bind to the corresponding antigens. CD272, as the B and T lymphocyte attenuator antigen, may play an important role in this process. In recent years, the application of CD272 in medical research has gradually increased. For example, in studies of acute myeloid leukemia, scientists have discovered that leukemia stem cells highly express CD272, and its high expression is negatively correlated with poor prognosis and survival rates of patients. This discovery provides a new target and research idea for the treatment of leukemia. By blocking the cross-linking signal between CD272 and its ligand, the growth of leukemia cells can be effectively inhibited, providing new possibilities for the treatment of leukemia.