The S100A11 protein is a member of the S100 protein family, which belongs to the low-molecular-weight protein binding group of EF-hand calcium proteins and is expressed exclusively in vertebrates. S100A11 protein, also known as calgizzarin or 100C, is a small acidic protein containing two EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. This protein plays crucial roles in various biological processes. It plays a vital role in promoting keratinocyte differentiation and keratinization, participating in important processes related to skin development and integrity. It may contribute to regulating the molecular mechanisms underlying keratinocyte maturation and specialized functions. In the growth regulation of human keratinocytes, S100A11 protein can inhibit Ca2+-induced and stimulate growth by enhancing the activity of epidermal growth factor protein. S100A11 protein also plays a role in some cancers. For example, overexpression of S100A11 is associated with low survival rates in patients with pancreatic cancer, and it may affect the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer by influencing the pentose phosphate pathway. Additionally, knockdown of S100A11 can inhibit the PPP by suppressing transketolase (TKT) mRNA synthesis, providing new insights into the potential value of S100A11 in cancer therapy.
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