Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is one of four FGFRs that encode a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase. FGFR2 signaling is associated with the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of carcinomas. FGFR2-overexpressed cancer might be a therapeutic target. Several FGFR2 inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of cancer patients with enhanced expression of FGFR2 signaling7FGFR2 has two isoforms, i.e., the IIIb type and the IIIc type based on the alternative splicing within the C-terminal half of the third Ig loop (D3) in the extracellular FGF binding domain, which are alternatively spliced by exon 8 and by exon 9, respectively. The spliced isoforms differ in binding ligands: FGFR2IIIb is a high-affinity receptor for FGF1, -3, -7, -10, and -22, whereas FGFR2IIIc binds FGF1, -2, -4, -6, -8, -9 -17 and-18. The FGFR2IIIb isoform is expressed mainly in epithelial cells, and it preferentially binds secreted FGF ligands from adjacent mesenchymal cells. In contrast, the FGFR2IIIc isoform is preferentially expressed in mesenchymal cells and usually binds ligands secreted from the adjacent epithelial cells.
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