Mitofusin 2 (MFN2) is a dynamin-like GTPase protein anchored to the outer mitochondrial membrane, playing a crucial role in mitochondrial fusion, fission, and tethering to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It helps maintain mitochondrial morphology and function, and regulates intracellular calcium homeostasis and lipid metabolism. MFN2 is also involved in mitophagy by interacting with key proteins like PINK1 and Parkin, which mediate the selective elimination of damaged mitochondria. Mutations in the MFN2 gene are associated with Charcot鈥揗arie鈥揟ooth disease type 2A, a neurological disorder characterized by axonal degeneration and muscle atrophy. Additionally, MFN2 has been implicated in various cellular processes, including the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the maintenance of cell homeostasis. Its dual localization and diverse functions make it a critical regulator in both mitochondrial dynamics and interorganellar communication.
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