Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) is a newly identified post-translational modification (PTM) that involves the attachment of a 2-hydroxyisobutyryl group to lysine residues in proteins. This modification has been found to be widespread across prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, including its discovery in plants. It plays a broad regulatory role in cellular processes, including protein biosynthesis and central carbon metabolism.