CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) is a transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in regulating gene expression, particularly in response to changes in intracellular cAMP levels. CREB proteins bind to cAMP response elements (CREs) on DNA, thereby controlling a variety of cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and the formation of learning and memory. In the field of neurobiology, CREB is especially important due to its close association with the molecular mechanisms of memory and learning. Studies have shown that the activation of CREB is related to long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) phenomena, which are considered to be the cellular basis for learning and memory. In addition to its role in the nervous system, CREB is also involved in regulating a variety of other physiological processes, including metabolic regulation, cell cycle control, muscle development, and reproductive functions. Abnormalities in CREB function are associated with a range of diseases, such as depression, neurodegenerative diseases, and certain types of cancer.
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