Characteristic

• Uniform particle size for high resolution and efficiency separation
• High stability
• High lot-to-lot reproducibility
• Long column life
• Compatibility with most aqueous mobile phases, including pure water as the eluent
• Wide range of operating temperature (0-85 °C)
• Low backpressure for the separation
• pH range (5-9) for Carbomix Ca-NP and (1-3) for Carbomix H-NP columns

Conditions   Column: Carbomix Ca-NP5, 5µm, 8% cross-linking, 7.8×300mm Mobile phase: nanopure water Flow rate: 0.6 mL/min Backpressure: 708 psi Temperature: 85 °C Injection Volume: 10 µL Detector: UV 192 nm Sample: (50 mM in H2O) 1. Melezitose 2. Maltose 3. Glucose 4. Mannose 5. Fructose 6. Adonitol (N=64,200/m)

Column Configuration

Carbomix resins can be packed into wide range of column dimensions with ID from 75 mm to 21.2 mm and the length from 5 cm to 30 cm. A custom-made column is also available. Column length and diameter affect resolution and analysis time. The selection of the column is to use only as much resin as necessary to achieve the desired separation. If the compound is strongly retained by the resin and analysis time is long on a 300 × 7.8 mm column, a shorter column, such as 150 mm long can significantly decrease the analysis time.

Separation Mechanism

The separation mechanism for the Carbomix Ca-NP phases includes ion-exchange and hydrophilic interactions with the analytes, such as carbohydrates and organic acids. The separation mechanism could also be due to size exclusion, ion exclusion, and ligand exchange. These multiple modes of interaction enable a unique capability to separate a variety of water soluble compounds. Resin cross-linking degree is an important parameter in the separation. Styrene divinylbenzene resin is a relatively rigid gel-type media. The lower the cross-linking, the more open the pore structure, and the more permeable it is to higher molecular weight substances. A 5% crosslinked Carbomix resin can resolve higher oligosaccharides compared to 10% cross-linked resin. For smaller molecular weight compounds an 8% crosslinked resin is used.

High Stability

The Carbomix resins are stable in pure water and other aqueous buffers at elevated temperature. The reproducibility from run to run is very consistent. Figure below shows the retention time variation for 7 runs is only 0.1% for a Carbomix Ca-NP5 column.

Separation of carbohydrate mixture by a Carbomix Ca-NP5 column (5µm, 8% cross-linking, 4.6×300mm). (Courtesy of Miyako Kawakatsu, M&S Instruments, Inc.) 
 

Conditions   Mobile phase: nanopure water Flow rate: 0.2 mL/min Backpressure: 76 bar Temperature: 85 °C Injection Volume: 10 µL Detector: ELSD Sample: (6 mg/mL in H2O) Maltose Glucose Fructose Xylose Dulcitol Sorbitol

High Lot to Lot Reproducibility

With well controlled polymer resin production and the surface chemistry, the manufacturing of the Carbomix ion-exchangers is highly reproducible. The typical variation of the retention time is less than 6% from batch to batch.

Long column life

Figure below shows the reproducible injections at 5th, 150th and 300th run with 10µl galactitol on a Carbomix H-NP10 7.8×300 mm column.