YAP1, also known as YAP (Yes-Associated Protein) or WWTR1 (WW Domain Containing Transcription Regulator 1), is a transcriptional co-activator that plays a pivotal role in the Hippo signaling pathway. When YAP1 is in an active state (commonly referred to as active YAP1), it enters the nucleus and binds to transcription factors called TEADs (TEA Domain Family Members). This YAP-TEAD complex then promotes the expression of a series of genes associated with cell proliferation, survival, and migration. However, when the Hippo signaling pathway is activated, the activity of YAP1 is suppressed. This often involves the phosphorylation of YAP1, which leads to its binding with 14-3-3 proteins and retention in the cytoplasm, preventing it from entering the nucleus to activate transcription. Abnormal expression or dysfunction of active YAP1 has been linked to various diseases, including cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders. Therefore, studying the regulatory mechanisms of YAP1 activity and its role in diseases is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies.
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