TMEM16A, also known as anoctamin 1, is a multifunctional protein that plays a crucial role in cellular physiology. It functions as a calcium-activated chloride channel, facilitating the transport of chloride ions across cell membranes in response to increases in intracellular calcium levels. This ion channel activity is essential for various physiological processes, including the regulation of membrane potential, cell volume, and the secretion of fluids in epithelial tissues. TMEM16A is widely expressed in different tissues such as the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and cardiovascular system. Additionally, it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of certain diseases like cystic fibrosis and cancer, making it a potential therapeutic target for the development of new treatments.