Terminal Transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) Assay is a method used to detect DNA degradation in apoptotic cells because one of the hallmarks of late stage apoptosis is the fragmentation of nuclear chromatin which results in a multitude of 3’-hydroxyl termini of DNA ends. This property can be used to identify apoptotic cells by labeling the DNA breaks with fluorescent-tagged deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotides (F-dUTP). The enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) catalyzes a template-independent addition of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates to the 3’ hydroxyl ends of double- or single-stranded DNA generates DNA strands with exposed 3'-hydroxyl ends.

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