Organism	Homo sapiens, human
Cell Line Description	A-431 is a cell line that exhibits epithelial morphology and was isolated from the epidermis of an 85-year-old female patient with epidermoid carcinoma. When EGF binds to its receptor (EGFR) on the surface of A-431 cells, rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of the membrane protein occurs, initiating a series of intracellular signaling pathways. These pathways include the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways, which play key roles in regulating cell cycle progression, survival, and proliferation. EGFR stimulates cell proliferation at low concentrations, while at high concentrations it inhibits the growth of A-431 cells and induces their terminal differentiation. This dynamic response to EGFR emphasizes the utility of this cell line for exploring cell signaling pathways and the cell cycle in the context of cancer. In addition, A-431 cell-derived xenograft models are used to study tumor behavior in a living setting and to evaluate anticancer therapies.
Tissue	Skin; Epidermis
Disease	Epidermoid carcinoma

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Creative Biogene

Creative Biogene provides kits, reagents, and services that help researchers explore questions about gene discovery, regulation, and function. Creative Biogene holds a leadership position in the global market and is committed to improving the human condition through biotechnology.
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