Description
Immortalized Mouse Microglial (BV2) cells have become a popular substitute for primary microglia in many experiments. These cells were derived from C57/BL6 neonatal microglia and immortalized using the v-raf/v-myc-carrying J2 retrovirus. BV2 cells express env gp70, nuclear v-myc, and cytoplasmic v-raf oncogene products on their surface. One of the advantages of BV2 cells is their ability to stimulate other glial cells. When present, BV2 cells cause the translocation of NF-kappaB and expression of IL-6 in astrocytes. This makes BV2 cells useful for studying complex cell-cell interactions in various experimental settings. Over 200 publications have used BV2 cells for pharmacological studies, phagocytosis studies, and immunological discoveries. BV2 cells express functional NADPH oxidase, an enzyme implicated in microglia-induced neuronal damage, for neurodegeneration studies. BV2 cells also express primary microglia markers like CD11b, F4/80, and Iba1. However, unlike primary microglia, unstimulated BV2 cells have an amoeboid, hypertrophied morphology, indicating a highly activated and inflammatory state. This means that BV2 cells may not be ideal for studying the low-dose effects of toxicants on microglial activation. Additionally, there is some doubt whether BV2 cells accurately model primary microglia in culture or the brain. Some studies have compared BV2 cells to primary rat microglia, introducing a bias due to species differences and different analysis methods, such as cytokine ELISAs. However, in another study, BV2 cells induced proteins that matched upregulated genes in primary murine microglia.
Species
Mouse
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