TNFSF15 (Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily Member 15), also known as TL1A, VEGI, or TNF-like ligand 1A, is a cytokine primarily produced by vascular endothelial cells. It is a member of the TNF superfamily and plays a significant role in various immune responses and inflammatory processes. TNFSF15 has been implicated in the regulation of T cell activation, dendritic cell maturation, and macrophage function.
Additionally, it is known to inhibit angiogenesis and modulate the balance of M1/M2 macrophage populations in the tumor microenvironment, which is associated with anti-tumor effects. In lung cancer, higher levels of TNFSF15 have been linked to better clinical outcomes.
TNFSF15 inhibitors or agonists could be developed to target specific pathways involved in inflammation and cancer progression. These drugs could potentially be used to treat conditions where TNFSF15 activity is dysregulated.