Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2 (TGF-β2) is a member of the TGF-β superfamily, which plays a critical role in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune regulation. TGF-β2 is synthesized as a latent complex, consisting of a mature peptide homodimer, a latency-associated peptide (LAP), and latent TGF-β binding proteins (LTBPs). This latent form must be activated to exert its biological effects.
TGF-β2 is involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes. It promotes tissue repair and wound healing but can also contribute to fibrosis and tumor progression. In cancer, TGF-β2 is known to inhibit immune surveillance, facilitating tumor growth and metastasis. Additionally, TGF-β2 signaling is implicated in various diseases, including systemic sclerosis, fibrosis, and Loeys-Dietz syndrome.