Oncostatin M receptor (OSMR), also named as IL‐31R‐β, is a cytokine receptor gene of IL‐6 family and transduces oncostatin M (OSM) and IL‐31 signaling. A recent study shows that OSMR expression is elevated in GBM, especially mesenchymal subtype. OSM/OSMR signaling has been shown to play an important role in driving the glioma cells towards mesenchymal type, and correlated with poor survival. Moreover, OSMR is a direct transcriptional target gene of STAT3 and forms a physical complex with epidermal growth factor receptor vIII (EGFRvIII), a truncated EGFR in which exons 2−7 are deleted. OSMR also promotes the proliferation of human brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) and the depletion of OSMR impaired EGFRvIII‐STAT3 signaling. OSMR may be a key factor and related to JAK/STAT signaling in mediating the effect of endogenous bornavirus‐like nucleoprotein elements on the proliferation and apoptosis of oligodendroglia cells.