CXCL10, also known as interferon 纬-induced protein 10 kDa (IP-10), is a cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. It exerts its biological effects by binding to the CXCR3 receptor, which is predominantly expressed on activated T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. CXCL10 is a pleiotropic molecule with diverse functions, including promoting the chemotaxis of CXCR3+ cells, inducing apoptosis, regulating cell growth and proliferation, and modulating angiogenesis in infectious, inflammatory, and cancerous conditions. It is secreted by various cell types, such as leukocytes, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts, in response to IFN-纬 stimulation. The CXCL10 gene was first isolated in 1985 and encodes a 12 kDa protein with two internal disulfide cross-bridges. Its expression levels are associated with immune responses, tissue damage, and tumor formation, making it a significant factor in both innate and adaptive immunity.