Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) is a versatile and physiologically significant HDL receptor that plays a crucial role in cholesterol homeostasis and lipoprotein metabolism. It is a cell surface glycoprotein highly expressed in the liver, steroidogenic tissues, endothelium, and other tissues. SR-BI mediates the selective uptake of cholesterol esters from HDL particles into cells through hydrophobic channels without internalizing the entire lipoprotein, facilitating reverse cholesterol transport. This process helps remove excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues and promotes its excretion via bile acids, thus exerting anti-atherosclerotic effects. Additionally, SR-BI is involved in various biological functions, including regulation of inflammation, endothelial cell function, and lipid metabolism in macrophages. Its dysfunction or genetic mutations are associated with increased cardiovascular risk and altered HDL metabolism.