CD36 is a multifunctional transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the class B scavenger receptor family. It is widely expressed in platelets, mononuclear phagocytes, adipocytes, hepatocytes, muscle cells, and various epithelial cells. CD36 plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism by binding and transporting long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), facilitating lipid uptake and metabolism in cells. In atherosclerosis, CD36 contributes to plaque formation by promoting the transformation of macrophages into foam cells through the uptake of ox-LDL. Additionally, CD36 is involved in immune regulation, influencing inflammatory responses, platelet activation, and tumor progression. In the tumor microenvironment, high expression of CD36 is associated with tumor cell invasion, metastasis, and immune suppression. Targeting CD36 has shown potential for inhibiting tumor growth and enhancing anti-tumor immunity.