CD36, also known as platelet glycoprotein IV or fatty acid translocase, is a type 2 cell surface scavenger receptor expressed in various immune and non-immune cells, including macrophages, platelets, endothelial cells, and adipocytes. It functions as both a signaling receptor and a fatty acid transporter, binding ligands such as long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), thrombospondin-1, and anionic phospholipids. In lipid metabolism, CD36 facilitates the uptake and utilization of LCFAs in tissues like the heart, liver, and skeletal muscle, contributing to energy homeostasis. It also plays a key role in the development of atherosclerosis by mediating the uptake of oxLDL by macrophages, leading to foam cell formation and inflammation. CD36 is involved in immune regulation and inflammation, acting as a co-receptor with TLR4 to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), thereby activating pro-inflammatory signaling pathways such as NF-κB and MAPK. Additionally, it is implicated in platelet activation and thrombus formation, contributing to cardiovascular diseases. In cancer, CD36 is associated with tumor progression and immune modulation. It can regulate cytokine production and antigen presentation in the tumor microenvironment, influencing tumor growth and immune evasion. Given its diverse functions, CD36 is emerging as a potential therapeutic target for diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer.