SOX17 protein, a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors, is crucial for the regulation of embryonic development and cell fate determination. It plays a key role in endoderm development, cardiovascular system formation, maintenance of fetal hematopoietic stem cells, and postnatal angiogenesis. SOX17 also functions as a transcriptional regulator that binds to specific DNA sequences and modulates transcriptional regulation via WNT3A, inhibiting Wnt signaling and promoting the degradation of activated CTNNB1. Furthermore, it has been implicated in cancer, particularly as a mutated cancer driver gene in endometrial carcinoma, with missense mutations potentially converting SOX17 into a pluripotency-inducing factor and altering its DNA binding preferences and gene expression programs. SOX17 is also considered to act as a tumor suppressor through the attenuation of WNT/β-catenin signaling in various cancer types.