S100A4 is a member of the S100 protein family and is a calcium-binding protein with an EF double helix domain. It promotes the metabolic reprogramming of M2-type tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) by enhancing the utilization of extracellular fatty acids and increasing mitochondrial-dependent fatty acid oxidation (FAO) levels. This controls the transformation of M2-type TAMs towards a "pro-tumor" phenotype. Deletion of S100A4 in mice leads to a significant reduction in the proportion of M2-type TAMs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and inhibits tumor growth. S100A4 is significantly upregulated in various inflammatory cells such as T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages in the dermis of psoriatic skin compared to healthy skin, indicating its role as an active inflammatory cytokine in psoriasis pathogenesis.