Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) is a member of the peroxiredoxin family of antioxidant enzymes, which are ubiquitously distributed in all species and capable of reducing a broad range of peroxide substrates, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and alkyl hydroperoxides. PRDX1 plays a crucial role in cellular redox homeostasis and is involved in the regulation of various cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. PRDX1 has been implicated in the development and progression of various human cancers, including breast, esophageal, lung, and prostate cancers, where it regulates ROS-dependent signaling pathways and is thought to be a key intracellular intermediate balancing cell survival and apoptosis.