GSK3β, or glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, is a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a crucial role in a variety of cellular processes. It is involved in the molecular pathophysiology of many diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and diabetes. GSK3β is known to regulate mitochondrial activity, which is essential for producing cellular energy and determining cell fates. It has been implicated in the mediation of mitochondrial functions such as biogenesis, bioenergetics, permeability, motility, and apoptosis. In the context of cancer, GSK3β has a dual role. It can act as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is often upregulated in various cancers. However, it can also promote tumorigenesis under certain conditions, such as when it phosphorylates and stabilizes β-catenin, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. GSK3β is involved in cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and therapy resistance in cancer cells. It also plays a role in the self-renewal and maintenance of cancer stem cells, which are responsible for tumor recurrence and metastasis. GSK3β is also a key player in the regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis. It phosphorylates various proteins involved in these processes, such as cyclin D1, MYC, BAX, and NF-κB. Inhibition of GSK3β has been shown to induce apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe in cancer cells by disrupting centrosome regulation.