BCMA (B-cell maturation antigen), also known as TNFRSF17 or CD269, is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. BCMA is primarily expressed on mature B lymphocytes and plasma cells, serving as a marker protein for B-cell maturation. Its ligands include B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), with APRIL having a higher affinity for BCMA. BCMA is essential for the survival of long-lived bone marrow plasma cells but is not required for overall B-cell homeostasis. In multiple myeloma (MM), the overexpression and activation of BCMA are associated with disease progression, making it an attractive therapeutic target. The high expression of BCMA in MM cells make it an ideal antigen target for treating MM. Current therapeutic strategies targeting BCMA include bispecific antibody constructs, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and CAR-T cell therapy.