VPS26 is a protein that is part of the retromer complex, which is involved in the sorting and trafficking of proteins within cells. The retromer complex plays a crucial role in the endosomal/lysosomal system and is responsible for the transport of proteins from endosomes back to the Golgi apparatus. There are two paralogs of VPS26 in mammals, VPS26A and VPS26B, each with distinct functions and localization within cells. VPS26C, also known as Down syndrome critical region gene 3 (DSCR3), is a protein that has gained attention for its potential as a therapeutic target and biomarker. It is involved in protein trafficking and sorting within the cell and has been implicated in various biological processes, including immune responses and cellular development. VPS26C is considered to have a broad application prospect in medical research and clinical applications, particularly in the treatment of diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. It can serve as a modifiable inhibitory system for treating a variety of diseases by regulating the activity of certain proteins within the cell.