p70 S6 Kinase, also known as 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a crucial role in controlling cell cycle, growth, and survival. It is regulated by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and is activated in response to various stimuli, including growth factors, mitogens, and nutrients. Once activated, p70S6K phosphorylates the S6 protein of the 40S ribosomal subunit, leading to the selective translation of a specific set of mRNAs that contain oligopyrimidine tracts at their 5' end, known as 5'TOP mRNAs. p70S6K has been implicated in various human diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and obesity, making it a potential therapeutic target for drug development. Its enhanced expression or activation has been correlated with poor prognosis in some cancer types, suggesting it may serve as a biomarker for disease monitoring. Moreover, it is considered a promising target for cancer therapies, as it can promote cancer progression through various mechanisms, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stemness, and drug resistance.