DUSP6, also known as dual specificity phosphatase 6, is a key regulator in cellular signaling pathways. It plays a crucial role in regulating cellular signaling pathways, affecting cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. DUSP6 functions as a tumor suppressor gene in certain cancers, such as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, inhibiting tumor cell growth and spread through mechanisms like regulating the ERK pathway. It involves in bone diseases like osteoporosis, influencing osteoclast differentiation and apoptosis through the regulation of the ERK2/Smad2 signaling pathway. In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma research, DUSP6 is found to be expressed at low levels in esophageal cancer cell lines and tissues, with this low expression correlating with high methylation status of the DUSP6 gene. In osteoporosis research, the expression of DUSP6 is suppressed in cases of osteoporosis, which is associated with upstream regulators like miR-181a and downstream signaling pathways such as ERK2 and SMAD2.