PRMT1 protein, or Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1, is a key enzyme in cellular biology with diverse functions. PRMT1 catalyzes the symmetric dimethylation of arginine residues in proteins, affecting the structure and function of these proteins. It is involved in multiple biological processes, including cell differentiation, RNA processing, nucleolar formation, and gene transcription and post-transcriptional modification. PRMT1 has been linked to the regulation of miRNA biogenesis by methylating miRNA synthesis-related proteins. PRMT1 is implicated in a wide range of diseases due to its abnormal expression or dysfunction. It has been associated with leukemia, tumors, cardiovascular diseases, and multiple cancer types, including breast cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, bladder cancer, and blood cancer.