TBR1 protein, also known as T-box Brain Protein 1, is a transcription factor that plays an important role in brain development and function. It belongs to the T-box family of transcription factors, which are characterized by a conserved DNA-binding domain called the T-box. TBR1 protein is involved in the regulation of gene expression during neural development, specifically in the differentiation and maturation of cortical neurons. It is essential for the proper development of the cerebral cortex, a key region of the brain responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking, memory, and consciousness. In addition to its role in brain development, TBR1 protein has also been implicated in various neurological disorders and diseases. For example, mutations in the TBR1 gene have been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Furthermore, alterations in TBR1 expression have been observed in several neurological diseases, including schizophrenia and epilepsy.