LILRA2 (Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like Receptor A2) serves as a crucial immunomodulatory molecule, playing a pivotal role in the immune system. Its diverse functions contribute significantly to maintaining immune homeostasis and responding to pathogen invasion. LILRA2 is capable of recognizing and binding to various Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs), such as N-terminally truncated immunoglobulins from bacteria and fungi. Through these interactions, LILRA2 triggers the activation of immune cells, initiating immune responses against pathogens. LILRA2 plays a significant role in regulating the activity of neutrophils and monocytes. These cells are key components of the innate immune system, capable of rapidly responding and eliminating invading pathogens. By modulating the activity of these cells, LILRA2 helps control infections and prevents excessive inflammatory responses. Furthermore, LILRA2 is also involved in the activation and effector functions of eosinophils. Eosinophils participate in allergic reactions and defense against parasitic infections. LILRA2 enhances the response to these challenges by triggering specific reactions in eosinophils. Notably, the functions of LILRA2 extend beyond the activation of immune cells. It serves as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for multiple myeloma. By detecting the expression of the LILRA2 gene in bone marrow tissue, it can be determined whether a patient has multiple myeloma or is at risk of developing the disease, providing a powerful tool for early diagnosis.