14-3-3 theta protein is a subtype within the 14-3-3 protein family, a group of acidic proteins widely expressed in eukaryotic organisms. This family possesses diverse biological functions and is involved in numerous cellular processes, such as metabolism, cell cycle, cell growth and development, cell survival and apoptosis, as well as gene transcription. When the functions of these proteins become abnormal, they are closely associated with the occurrence of various diseases.14-3-3 theta protein has the ability to bind to other proteins and regulate their activities through this interaction. For instance, it can bind to kinases, altering their active states and thereby influencing the activation of cell signaling pathways. Additionally, it can bind to transcription factors, modulating gene transcription levels. Furthermore, this protein plays a crucial role in regulating cell cycle and apoptosis. In the nervous system, 14-3-3 proteins, including the theta subtype, are involved in intracellular signaling, cell division and differentiation, apoptosis, and ion channel function. Some studies have shown that the 14-3-3 protein family is associated with neurodegenerative diseases and mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia. Specifically, certain changes in specific isoforms of 14-3-3 are linked to schizophrenia. These findings provide new insights into understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases and searching for potential therapeutic approaches.