African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious, septicemic viral disease of pigs characterized by fever, poisoning, hemorrhage and high mortality. The causative agent of the disease is ASFV, and domestic pigs and wild boar are susceptible to ASF regardless of breed or age. The disease can occur in many forms, including fulminant, acute, subacute, chronic, and recessive. The widespread epidemic of ASF has led to a sharp reduction in the scale of pig breeding in China and a continued rise in pork prices. The p54 protein has the function of assisting ASFV in adsorbing and invading host cells, and its C-terminal nucleotide sequence is traditionally used for genotyping of ASFV isolates. Therefore, ASFV p54 antigen is one of the most immunogenic ASFV proteins. ASFV p54 recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody specifically recognizes ASFV p54 protein and can be used in indirect elisa and lateral flow tests.