Acetylated histones are a key component of the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Histone acetylation involves the addition of an acetyl group to the lysine residues on the histone proteins that make up the nucleosome, which is the basic unit of chromatin. This process is generally associated with transcriptional activation, as it loosens the interaction between the DNA and the histones, allowing the transcription machinery to access the DNA and read the genetic information. Abnormalities in histone acetylation, such as global hypoacetylation or hyperacetylation, can lead to dysregulation of gene expression and have been implicated in various diseases, including cancer. Understanding the role of acetylated histones in gene regulation is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies for these diseases.